Fungus

Fun"gus (?), n.; pl. L. Fungi (#), E. Funguses (#). [L., a mushroom; perh. akin to a doubtful Gr. sponge, for ;if so, cf. E. sponge.]

1. (Bot.) Any one of the Fungi, a large and very complex group of thallophytes of low organization, -- the molds, mildews, rusts, smuts, mushrooms, toadstools, puff balls, and the allies of each. &hand; The fungi are all destitute of chorophyll, and, therefore, to be supplied with elaborated nourishment, must live as saprophytes or parasites. They range in size from single microscopic cells to systems of entangled threads many feet in extent, which develop reproductive bodies as large as a man's head. The vegetative system consists of septate or rarely unseptate filaments called hyph&ae;; the aggregation of hyph&ae; into structures of more or less definite form is known as the mycelium. See Fungi, in the Supplement.

2. (Med.) A spongy, morbid growth or granulation in animal bodies, as the proud flesh of wounds. Hoblyn.

Funic

Fu"nic (?), a. (Anat.) Funicular.

Funicle

Fu"ni*cle (?), n. [L. funiculus, dim. of funis cord, rope: cf. F. funicule funicle (in sense 2). Cf. Funambulo.] (Bot.)

1. A small cord, ligature, or fiber.

2. (Bot.) The little stalk that attaches a seed to the placenta.

Funicular

Fu*nic"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. funiculaire.]

1. Consisting of a small cord or fiber.

2. Dependent on the tension of a cord.

3. (Anat.) Pertaining to a funiculus; made up of, or resembling, a funiculus, or funiculi; as, a funicular ligament. Funicular action (Mech.), the force or action exerted by a rope in drawing together the supports to which its ends are Fastened, when acted upon by forces applied in a direction transverse to the rope, as in the archer's bow. -- Funicular curve. Same as Catenary. -- Funicular machine (Mech.), an apparatus for illustrating certain principles in statics, consisting of a cord or chain attached at one end to a fixed point, and having the other passed over a pulley and sustaining a weight, while one or more other weights are suspended from the cord at points between the fixed support and the pulley. -- Funicular polygon (Mech.), the polygonal figure assumed by a cord fastened at its extremities, and sustaining weights at different points.

Funiculate

Fu*nic"u*late (?), a. Forming a narrow ridge.

Funiculus

Fu*nic"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Funiculi (#). [L., a little cord. See Funicle.]

1. (Anat.) A cord, baud, or bundle of fibers; esp., one of the small bundles of fibers, of which large nerves are made up; applied also to different bands of white matter in the brain and spinal cord.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) A short cord which connects the embryo of some myriapods with the amnion. (b) In Bryozoa, an organ extending back from the stomach. See Bryozoa, and Phylactolema.

Funiliform

Fu*nil"i*form (?), a. [L. funis rope + -form.] (Bot.) Resembling a cord in toughness and flexibility, as the roots of some endogenous trees.

Funis

Fu"nis (?), n. [L., a rope. ] A cord; specifically, the umbilical cord or navel string.

Funk

Funk (?), n. [OE. funke a little fire; akin to Prov. E. funk touchwood, G. funke spark, and perh. to Goth. fn fire.] An offensive smell; a stench. [Low]

Funk

Funk, v. t. To envelop with an offensive smell or smoke. [Obs.] King.

Funk

Funk, v. i.

1. To emit an offensive smell; to stink.

2. To be frightened, and shrink back; to flinch; as, to funk at the edge of a precipice. [Colloq.] C. Kingsley. To funk out, to back out in a cowardly fashion. [Colloq.]

To funk right out o' political strife. Lowell (Biglow Papers).

Funk, Funking

Funk, Funk"ing, n. A shrinking back through fear. [Colloq.] The horrid panic, or funk (as the men of Eton call it)." De Quincey.
Funky
Funk"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, great fear, or funking. [Colloq. Eng.]
Funnel
Fun"nel (?), n. [OE. funel, fonel, prob. through OF. fr, L. fundibulum, infundibulum, funnel, fr. infundere to pour in; in in + fundere to pour; cf. Armor. founil funnel, W. ffynel air hole, chimney. See Fuse, v. t.]
1. A vessel of the shape of an inverted hollow cone, terminating below in a pipe, and used for conveying liquids into a close vessel; a tunnel.
2. A passage or avenue for a fluid or flowing substance; specifically, a smoke flue or pipe; the iron chimney of a steamship or the like. Funnel box (Mining), an apparatus for collecting finely crushed ore from water. Knight. -- Funnel stay (Naut.), one of the ropes or rods steadying a steamer's funnel.
Funnelform
Fun"nel*form` (?), a. (Bot.) Having the form of a funnel, or tunnel; that is, expanding gradually from the bottom upward, as the corolla of some flowers; infundibuliform.
Funny
Fun"ny (?), a. [Compar. Funnier (?); superl. Funniest.] [From Fun.] Droll; comical; amusing; laughable. Funny bone. See crazy bone, under Crazy.
Funny
Fun"ny, n.; pl. Funnies (). A clinkerbuit, narrow boat for sculling. [Eng.]
Fur
Fur (?), n. [OE. furre, OF. forre, fuerre, sheatth, case, of German origin; cf. OHG. fuotar lining, case, G. futter; akin to Icel. fr lining, Goth. fdr, scabbard; cf. Skr. ptra vessel, dish. The German and Icel. words also have the sense, fodder, but this was probably a different word originally. Cf. Fodder food, Fother, v. t., Forel, n.]
1. The short, fine, soft hair of certain animals, growing thick on the skin, and distinguished from the hair, which is longer and coarser.
2. The skins of certain wild animals with the fur; peltry; as, a cargo of furs.
3. Strips of dressed skins with fur, used on garments for warmth or for ornament.
4. pl. Articles of clothing made of fur; as, a set of furs for a lady (a collar, tippet, or cape, muff, etc.).
Wrapped up in my furs. Lady M. W. Montagu.

5. Any coating considered as resembling fur; as: (a) A coat of morbid matter collected on the tongue in persons affected with fever. (b) The soft, downy covering on the skin of a peach. (c) The deposit formed on the interior of boilers and other vessels by hard water.
6. (Her.) One of several patterns or diapers used as tinctures. There are nine in all, or, according to some writers, only six. See Tincture.
Fur
Fur (?), a. Of or pertaining to furs; bearing or made of fur; as, a fur cap; the fur trade. Fur seal (Zoöl.) one of several species of seals of the genera Callorhinus and Arclocephalus, inhabiting the North Pacific and the Antarctic oceans. They have a coat of fine and soft fur which is highly prized. The northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) breeds in vast numbers on the Prybilov Islands, off the coast of Alaska; -- called also sea bear.
Fur
Fur, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furring.]
1. To line, face, or cover with fur; as, furred robes. You fur your gloves with reason." Shak.
2. To cover with morbid matter, as the tongue.
3. (Arch.) To nail small strips of board or larger scantling upon, in order to make a level surface for lathing or boarding, or to provide for a space or interval back of the plastered or boarded surface, as inside an outer wall, by way of protection against damp. Gwill.
Furacious
Fu*ra"cious (?), a. [L. furax, -racis thievish, from fur thief.] Given to theft; thievish. [Obs.]
Furacity
Fu*rac"i*ty (?), n. [L. furacitas.] Addictedness to theft; thievishness. [Obs.]
Furbelow
Fur"be*low (?), n. [Prov. F. farbala, equiv. to F. falbala, It. falbalà.] A plaited or gathered flounce on a woman's garment.
Furhelow
Fur"he*low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furbelowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furbelowing.] To put a furbelow on; to ornament.
Furbish
Fur"bish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furbished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furbishing.] [OE. forbischen, OF. forbir, furbir, fourbir, F. fourbir, fr. OHG. furban to clean. See -ish.] To rub or scour to brightness; to clean; to burnish; as, to furbish a sword or spear. Shak.
Furbish new the name of John a Gaunt. Shak.

Furbishable
Fur"bish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being furbished.
Furbisher
Fur"bish*er (?), n. [Cf. F. fourbisseur.] One who furbishes; esp., a sword cutler, who finishes sword blades and similar weapons.
Furcate, Furcated
Fur"cate (?), Fur"ca*ted (?), a. [L. furca fork. See Fork.] Forked; branching like a fork; as, furcate twigs.
Furcation
Fur*ca"tion (?), n. A branching like a. fork.
Furciferous
Fur*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L. furcifer yoke bearer, scoundrel; furca fork, yoke, fork-shaped instrument of punishment + ferre to bear.] Rascally; scandalous. [R.] Furciferous knaves." De Quincey.
Furcula
Fur"cu*la (?), n. [L., a forked prop, dim. of furca a fork.] (Anat.) A forked process; the wishbone or furculum.
Furcular
Fur"cu*lar (?), a. Shaped like a fork; furcate.
Furculum
Fur"cu*lum (?), n. [NL., dim. of L. furca a fork.] (Anat.) The wishbone or merrythought of birds, formed by the united clavicles.
Furdle
Fur"dle (?), v. t. [See Fardel, and cf. Furl.] To draw up into a bundle; to roll up. [Ods.]
Furfur
Fur"fur (?), n. [L.] Scurf; dandruff.
Furfuraceous
Fur"fu*ra"ceous (?), a. [L. furfuraceus.] Made of bran; like bran; scurfy.
Furfuran
Fur"fu*ran (?), n. [L. furfur bran.] (Chem.) A colorless, oily substance, C4H4O, obtained by distilling certain organic substances, as pine wood, salts of pyromucic acid, etc.; -- called also tetraphenol.<-- = furan -->
Furfuration
Fur"fu*ra"tion (?), n. [L. furfur bran, scurf.] Falling of scurf from the head; desquamation.
Furfurine
Fur"fu*rine (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline base, obtained indirectly from furfurol.
Furfurol
Fur"fu*rol (?), n. [L. furfur bran + oleum oil.] (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid, C4H3O.CHO, of a pleasant odor, obtained by the distillation of bran, sugar, etc., and regarded as an aldehyde derivative of furfuran; -- called also furfural.
Furfurous
Fur"fu*rous (?), a. Made of bran; furfuraceous. [R.] Furfurous bread." Sydney Smith.
Furial
Fu"ri*al (?), a. [L. furialis: cf. OF. furial.] Furious; raging; tormenting. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Furibundal
Fu`ri*bun"dal (?), a. [L. furibundus, fr. furere to rage.] Full of rage. [Obs.] G. Harvey.
Furies
Fu"ries (?), n. pl. See Fury, 3.
Furile
Fu"rile (?), n. [Furfurol + benzile.] (Chem.) A yellow, crystalline substance, (C4H3O)2.C2O2, obtained by the oxidation of furoin. [Written also furil.]
Furilic
Fu*ril"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, furile; as, furilic acid.
Furioso
Fu"ri*o"so (?), a.& adv. [It.] (Mus.) With great force or vigor; vehemently.
Furious
Fu"ri*ous (?), a. [L. furiosus, fr. furia rage, fury: cf. F. furieux. See Fury.]
1. Transported with passion or fury; raging; violent; as, a furious animal.
2. Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence; as, a furious stream; a furious wind or storm. Syn. -- Impetuous; vehement; boisterous; fierce; turbulent; tumultuous; angry; mad; frantic; frenzied. -- Fu"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Fu"ri*ous*ness, n.
Furl
Furl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furld (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furling.] [Contr. fr. furdle, fr. fardel bundle: cf. F. ferler to furl, OF. fardeler to pack. See Furdle, Fardel, and cf. Farl.] To draw up or gather into close compass; to wrap or roll, as a sail, close to the yard, stay, or mast, or, as a flag, close to or around its staff, securing it there by a gasket or line. Totten.
Furlong
Fur"long (?), n. [OE. furlong, furlang, AS. furlang, furlung, prop., the length of a furrow; furh furrow + lang long. See Furrow, and Long, a.] A measure of length; the eighth part of a mile; forty rods; two hundred and twenty yards.
Furlough
Fur"lough (?), n. [Prob. fr. D. verlof, fr. a prefix akin to E. for + the root of E. lief, and akin to Dan. forlov, Sw. förlof, G. verlaub permission. See Life, a.] (Mil.) Leave of abserice; especially, leave given to an offcer or soldier to be absent from service for a certain time; also, the document granting leave of absence.
Furlough
Fur"lough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furloughed (); p. pr. & vb. n. Furloughing.] (Mil.) To furnish with a furlough; to grant leave of absence to, as to an offcer or soldier.
Furmonty, Furmity
Fur"mon*ty (?), Fur"mi*ty (?) n. Same as Frumenty.
Furnace
Fur"nace (?), n. [OE. fornais, forneis, OF. fornaise, F. fournaise, from L. fornax; akin to furnus oven, and prob. to E. forceps.]
1. An inclosed place in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals, for warming a house, for baking pottery, etc.; as, an iron furnace; a hot-air furnace; a glass furnace; a boiler furnace, etc. &hand; Furnaces are classified as wind or air. furnaces when the fire is urged only by the natural draught; as blast furnaces, when the fire is urged by the injection artificially of a forcible current of air; and as reverberatory furnaces, when the flame, in passing to the chimney, is thrown down by a low arched roof upon the materials operated upon.
2. A place or time of punishment, affiction, or great trial; severe experience or discipline. Deut. iv. 20. Bustamente furnace, a shaft furnace for roasting quicksilver ores. -- Furnace bridge, Same as Bridge wall. See Bridge, n., 5. -- Furnace cadmiam ∨ cadmia, the oxide of zinc which accumulates in the chimneys of furnaces smelting zinciferous ores. Raymond. -- Furnace hoist (Iron Manuf.), a lift for raising ore, coal, etc., to the mouth of a blast furnace.
Furnace
Fur"nace, n.
1. To throw out, or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a furnace. [Obs. or R.]
He furnaces The thick sighe from him. Shak.

Furniment
Fur"ni*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. fourniment. See Furnish.] Furniture. [Obs.] Spenser.
Furnish
Fur"nish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furnished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furnishing.] [OF. furnir, fornir, to furnish, finish, F. fournir; akin to Pr. formir, furmir, fromir, to accomplish, satisfy, fr. OHG. frumjan to further, execute, do, akin to E. frame. See Frame, v. t., and -ish.]
1. To supply with anything necessary, useful, or appropriate; to provide; to equip; to fit out, or fit up; to adorn; as, to furnish a family with provisions; to furnish one with arms for defense; to furnish a Cable; to furnish the mind with ideas; to furnish one with knowledge or principles; to furnish an expedition or enterprise, a room or a house.
That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works. 2 Tim. iii. 17,

2. To offer for use; to provide (something); to give (something); to afford; as, to furnish food to the hungry: to furnish arms for defense.
Ye are they . . . that furnish the drink offering unto that number. Is. lxv. 11.

His writings and his life furnish abundant proofs that he was not a man of strong sense. Macaulay.

Furnish
Fur"nish, n. That which is furnished as a specimen; a sample; a supply. [Obs.] Greene.
Furnisher
Fur"nish*er (?), n. One who supplies or fits out.
Furnishment
Fur"nish*ment (?), n. The act of furnishing, or of supplying furniture; also, furniture. [Obs.] Daniel.
Furniture
Fur"ni*ture (?), n. [F. fourniture. See Furnish, v. t.]
1. That with which anything is furnished or supplied; supplies; outfit; equipment.
The form and all the furniture of the earth. Tillotson.

The thoughts which make the furniture of their minds. M. Arnold.

2. Articles used for convenience or decoration in a house or apartment, as tables, chairs, bedsteads, sofas, carpets, curtains, pictures, vases, etc.
3. The necessary appendages to anything, as to a machine, a carriage, a ship, etc. (a) (Naut.) The masts and rigging of a ship. (b) (Mil.) The mountings of a gun. (c) Builders' hardware such as locks, door and window trimmings. (d) (Print) Pieces of wood or metal of a lesser height than the type, placed around the pages or other matter in a form, and, with the quoins, serving to secure the form in its place in the chase.
4. (Mus.) A mixed or compound stop in an organ; -- sometimes called mixture.
Furoin
Fu"ro*in (?), n. [See Furfurol.] (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline substance, C10H8O4, from furfurol.
Furore
Fu*ro"re (?), n. [It.] Excitement; commotion; enthusiasm.